(1) High Temperature Nuclear Matter: Physics of High-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions Recent development of high-energy heavy-ion physics has been reviewed from a view point of the hadronic matter equation of state in relation with the hadronic degrees of freedom. At AGS energies (E = 10 A GeV), softening of matter is realized, and it is explained in the context of reduction of repulsive nuclear force at high momenta and the resonance hadron and string formation. At RHIC energies, recent data seem to show "re-hardening". This re-hardening might signal the bulk QGP formation. (2) High Density Nuclear Matter: Strangeness in Neutron Stars Roles of strange hadrons in high density nuclear matter in the neutron star core are reviewed. In dense neutral matter, since neutron and electron chemical potentials become large, negatively charged baryons (<-> n + e-) are favored. Therefore, one of the most important ingredient here is the interaction of nucleons with negative Sigma and negative Cascade baryons. After the explanation of chemical equilibrium and the TOV equation, calculated particle fractions of electons, muons, nucleons and hyperons are shown with different choice of hyperon-nucleon interactions. It is emphasized that microscopic calculations of hyperonic matter EOS are very important.