Title

Granular friction in a wide range of shear rates

Abstract

We conduct an experiment on the frictional properties of granular matter over a wide range of shear rate that covers both the quasistatic and the inertial regimes. We show that the friction coefficient exhibits negative shear-rate dependence in the quasistatic regime, whereas the shear-rate dependence is positive in the inertial regime. The crossover shear rate is determined in terms of the competition between two physical processes, namely frictional healing and anelasticity. We also find that the result does not depend on the shape of the grains and that the behavior in the inertial regime is quantitatively the same as that in numerical simulations. An empirical constitutive law is proposed together with a mean-field theory.

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